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Visconti-Sforza tarot deck
The Visconti-Sforza tarot is used collectively to refer to incomplete sets of approximately 15 decks from the middle of the 15th-century, now located in various museums, libraries, and private collections around the world. No complete deck has survived; rather, some collections boast a few face cards, while some consist of a single card. They are the oldest surviving tarot cards and date back to a period when tarot was still called Trionfi ("triumphs"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oldest Tarot Cards. Origin of Tarot. Research of the history of Tarot. )〕 i.e. trump) cards, and used for everyday playing.〔Emily E. Auger. ''Tarot and Other Meditation Decks: History, Theory, Aesthetics, Typology'', McFarland, 2003, ISBN 0-7864-1674-2, ISBN 978-0-7864-1674-5, pages 145, 164, 195, 212-3.〕〔Giordano Berti & Tiberio Gonard. ''Visconti-tarot. Buch und Karten.: Das älteste Tarot der Welt.'', Königsfurt Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-933939-11-9, ISBN 978-3-933939-11-1, 120 pages.〕 They were commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, and by his successor and son-in-law Francesco Sforza. They had a significant impact on the visual composition, card numbering and interpretation of modern decks.〔Sandra A. Thomson. ''Pictures from the Heart: A Tarot Dictionary'', St. Martin's Griffin, 2003, ISBN 0-312-29128-0, ISBN 978-0-312-29128-0, 544 pages.〕
==Overview==
The surviving cards are of particular historical interest because of the beauty and detail of the design, which was often executed in precious materials and often reproduce members of the Visconti and Sforza families in period garments and settings. Consequently, the cards also offer a glimpse of nobiliary life in Renaissance Milan, which the Visconti called home since the 13th century.
The three most famous collections are discussed in more detail below.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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